Elections
Elections are a central part of India's democratic system. They provide citizens with the opportunity to choose their representatives at the national, state and local levels. India's modern electoral system developed through the constitutional framework adopted after independence and has evolved significantly through changes in election laws, technology and administration. The Election Commission of India was established as a constitutional authority to administer elections to Parliament, State Legislative Assemblies and the offices of the President and Vice-President.
Current vs. Opposition
National Democratic Alliance (NDA)
Ruling coalition
INDIA Bloc
Opposition alliance
About the Process
## Elections Before Independence
The roots of electoral institutions in India can be traced to the period of British rule. Legislative councils were gradually introduced, but voting rights were limited and representation was not based on universal adult suffrage.
The Government of India Act, 1919 introduced a bicameral legislature at the central level. Later constitutional reforms expanded legislative representation, but the electoral system remained restricted.
The experience of these earlier institutions contributed to the development of India's constitutional and electoral framework after independence.
## The Constitution and Universal Adult Suffrage
After independence in 1947, the makers of the Constitution chose universal adult suffrage as a fundamental principle of India's electoral democracy.
Article 326 provides that elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies are based on adult suffrage. This meant that India's electoral system was designed to give eligible citizens a direct role in choosing their representatives.
This was a significant foundation for the country's democratic system because elections were not limited to property owners, particular social groups or educational categories.
## Establishment of the Election Commission
The Election Commission of India was established on 25 January 1950. It is an autonomous constitutional authority responsible for administering elections in India.
